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中文The Effect of Coffee on Metabolic Rate
Introduction Coffee is widely known to be a stimulant. This is due to the presence of caffeine in the drink, reviewed by (Acheson et al., 1980). The properties of caffeine as a metabolic stimulant were originally discovered in the early twentieth century, in terms of changes in the rate of respiration of individuals that ingest […]
How and when does information become knowledge?
Introduction Information is ubiquitous, so are the forms it exists in. It can be spoken, written, read, seen or heard and covers every conceivable subject. It is believed that information will eventually become knowledge to an individual or group. The question that needs answering is how and when this information becomes knowledge. To do this […]
Discuss the Theories of Aging and How These Relate to the Diseases that can affect Humans
Introduction The complex and multifactorial nature of aging has been widely studied in recent years, during which time researchers have proposed numerous hypotheses to attempt to explain this complicated process. A plethora of theories exist which contribute to the evidence. Despite this, the fundamental factors behind the aging process have yet to be completely understood […]
Evaluate the role that behaviour therapy theories have to play in clinical hypnosis
The quest to understand human behaviour, emotion and thinking has led to the emergence of behavioural psychology as a discipline. Interest in behaviour stemmed up during the early part of the twentieth century where it was believed that new behaviour was learned by observation and from the environment (Gross, 2005; Sardar et al, 2002). These […]
Comparison of different thermoregulation responses to hot and cold climates
The main organ in the human body that monitors and regulates body temperature is the hypothalamus (Boon, N. et al, 2006). In an effort to maintain the normal body temperature of 36-37.4 degrees Celsius, various mechanisms come into play when the body is exposed to increased or decreased environmental temperature (Sukker, M. et al, 2000). […]
The Effects of the diving response on breath-hold divers
In contrast to the common findings cited above, elite divers appear to have a significantly increased ability to hold their breaths compared to average athletes. A study done by Heusser, K. and his colleagues (2009) revealed that elite divers, during voluntary apnea, have longer apnea time that is coupled with a five old increase in […]
Relative importance of (1) peak bone mass and (2) rates of bone loss in determining fracture risk of older women
Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is a key recognised predictor of fracture risk. This is evidenced by standards specified by the World health Organisation (WHO) in using absolute BMD for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. These standards stipulate that persons with a BMD value more than 2.5 standard deviations below the average specified for a 25-year-old Caucasian […]
The Effect of Exercise in the Cold on Lung Function in Athletes
The prevalence rate of bronchoconstriction that is exercise-related in athletes range from 11% to 50%, and up to 90% of subjects with asthma will have exercise-induced bronchospasm (Holzer et al., 2002; restated by Parsons and Mastronarde 2005). Wilber et al. (2000) as restated by Parsons and Mastronarde (2005) found that 18% to 26% of Olympic […]
Discuss the relative contribution of muscle hypertrophy and neurological adaptations to the strength gains observed in response to a resistance training programme.
Resistance training or strength training is a type of exercise used to improve athletic performance, augment musculo-skeletal health and enhance body aesthetics. Resistance training is now adopted as an essential training component for a number of different athletes ranging from swimmers to soccer players, even endurance athletes (Wilmore and Costill, 1999). It is essential for […]
Training Programme Case Study Report
Introduction A 20 year old male presented with desire to improve his football performance within the university team, specifically isokinetic leg strength, sprint performance and endurance, related to concerns about performance towards the second half of the match. Physiological profiling demonstrated that the client is within the normal Body Mass Index range (height 174cm, body […]
Design a simple experiment to examine the cardiovascular and metabolic response to an incremental exercise test to exhaustion
Introduction Humans are homoeothermic, which means their internal body temperature of 36.1-37.8oC is kept relatively constant throughout life, with fluctuations of about 1oC. It is only during extreme environmental conditions of hot or cold, illness or prolonged exercise that the body will deviate from this range, with exercise often creating dangerously high internal temperatures of […]
Critically evaluate how issues associated with thermoregulation and dehydration influence athletic capacity during endurance events.
During endurance events prolonged muscular activity increases the body temperature of the athlete. Dealing with this temperature rise is the biggest challenge facing the athlete. As the body cools itself water is lost through sweat. It has been shown that this loss of water can decrease athletic capacity if not corrected. This essay looks at […]
Discuss the Physiological effects of the energy drink Red Bull on the human body
Red Bull is a carbonated, non-alcoholic drink, sold in aluminium cans, with a highly visible marketing strategy. This emphasises one desirable function, “energy”, and one ingredient, taurine. In fact, the energy in its true sense comes from the oxidation of glucose, present in the drink both in its pure form and as its digestive precursor […]
